Hydropower estimate

Enter the flow that actually reaches the turbine, in L/s, and the net head available there. Net head is gross height difference minus hydraulic losses. If only gross head is known, enable it under Head losses and enter an estimated loss percentage. The sample losses and efficiency are illustrative, not equipment specifications.

P hydraulic = ρ × g × Q × H, using fresh-water density 1,000 kg/m³ and g = 9.81 m/s². Electrical power is hydraulic power × efficiency. Efficiency covers turbine, transmission and generator conversion after the separately accounted head losses. Do not subtract pipe losses twice if an efficiency value already includes them.

Optional energy uses constant electrical power × entered hours per operating day × operating days per year. Daily energy refers to an operating day, not a calendar-day average. Gross revenue is annual energy × a single tariff; it assumes all calculated energy receives that price. Currency selects formatting, not an exchange rate. No investment, maintenance, taxes or net profit are calculated.

Turbine orientation describes broad differences, not verified suitability: selection also depends on flow, equipment curves and site conditions. This stationary model has no seasonal flow, generator power cap, minimum turbine flow or partial-load curve. A percentage head loss is an assumption, not a pipe-friction calculation. Zero flow, net head or efficiency yields zero power.