Grammar comparison

Open Languages and select any of the eighteen languages. Compare the overview or focus on nouns or verbs. Only differences hides rows whose descriptions are identical; it is available with at least two languages. The feature column and language headers stay visible while scrolling. Escape closes the language menu; clicking outside it also closes it. Copy and TSV contain the current rows and all selected language columns.

These are concise sketches of common contemporary standard varieties, not complete grammars or automatic language analysis. Arabic means Modern Standard Arabic, Hebrew and Greek mean their modern forms. Regional varieties and register can differ. Examples are illustrative, not complete paradigms.

S = subject, V = verb, O = object. Typical word order is not a fixed rule for every sentence. Case marking distinguishes noun endings, pronoun contrasts and separate particles; a single cross-language case count would be misleading. Noun gender/classes refers to grammatical agreement, not biological sex. Tense and aspect do not correspond one-to-one across languages.

Sources and further reading: WALS case/gender comparison, UT Austin Modern Hebrew, University of Kansas Swahili, Finn Lectura Finnish. Language choices, topic and the differences option are kept locally in this browser; comparisons and scroll positions are not saved. No text is uploaded.