DNA Codons & Translation

Paste one 5′→3′ DNA or RNA sequence, optionally with a FASTA header, then Translate. Whitespace and lower case are accepted. IUPAC codes R Y S W K M B D H V N are allowed; numbers, gaps, multiple records and mixed T/U are rejected.

Frames +1/+2/+3 begin at input bases 1/2/3. Frames −1/−2/−3 use the reverse complement from its bases 1/2/3. Codon positions refer to the original input, counting from 1; reverse-frame positions descend. RNA notation replaces T with U in the oriented coding sequence; it is not a template-strand transcription model.

This is a full frame translation, not gene prediction or a CDS validator. It does not search for a start codon, convert alternative initiators to methionine, remove introns or stop at the first termination codon. * marks every stop. Incomplete trailing codons are omitted and reported. An ambiguous codon gives its amino acid only when every possible triplet agrees; otherwise X, including possible amino-acid/stop mixtures.

Choose NCBI code 1 (standard) or 2 (vertebrate mitochondria). The latter is a codon-table lookup, without context-dependent frameshifts or RNA editing. The optional reference follows the selected code. Codon details show up to 300 rows; CSV exports all positions/codons. Copy protein gives the plain one-letter sequence; FASTA includes the selected frames and code in headers.

All processing stays in this browser. Limit: 100,000 bases and 1 million input characters. Results are cleared when input or settings change. No sequence or settings are permanently saved.